方珊珊示范课：阅读理解推理判断KFC解题法教学设计

2026年初中学考专题复习阅读理解之推理判断教学设计

                                          执教：广信区第七中学 方珊珊

一、教材与学情分析

1. 教材考情分析

推理判断题是江西中考阅读理解必考题型，约占阅读总分 30%，侧重考查学生透过显性信息推导隐含意义、作者态度、写作意图的高阶思维能力，完全契合新课标对逻辑思维、批判性阅读的要求。

2. 学情分析

九年级学生已掌握基础阅读方法，但做推理题时常见问题：

·把原文原句直接当作推理答案

·过度推断、无中生有、主观臆断

·不认识题干标志词，不会定位关键信息

·不会区分事实、观点、意图

本课以KFC 三步法 + 三大解题技巧为核心，用江西真题精讲，直击痛点。

二、教学目标

1. 能识别推理判断题标志词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude等。

2. 熟练运用KFC（关键词→定位→比对）三步解题。

3. 掌握三大推理技巧，能基于原文合理推断，避免三大陷阱。

三、教学重难点

1. 重点：KFC三步法；三大技巧的操作路径。

2. 难点：区分“原文事实”和“合理推断”；拒绝过度推理与主观臆断。

四、教学过程

（一）Lead-in

1. 活动：分类挑战
展示4道江西中考真题小题--词义猜测、细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断各一。
学生快速分类，并说出判断理由。

2. 提问：“哪一题的答案不能在原文直接找到？”“这类题和细节题最大的不同是什么？”

3. 教师引导总结

答案不在原句，要“根据已知推未知”→ 引出课题：推理判断题

【设计意图】通过分类挑战激活学生对不同题型的已有认知，制造认知冲突。让学生自己发现推理题的答案“原文中找不到”，从而自然引出“需要推断”的核心特征，比直接给出定义更深刻。小组讨论和限时分类也能快速集中注意力，打破沉闷。

（二）Presentation

1. 推理判断题标志词自主发现
展示3道推理题题干:

What does the author imply about...?

What can we infer about the character of...?

From the passage, we can conclude that ... is ___
启发提问：

“这三道题干中，每一道都出现了一类表示‘推理’含义的动词，你能把它们圈出来吗？”
学生发现：infer, suggest, imply, indicate, conclude…

“这些词出现在题干里，暗示我们要做什么？”

“以后看到这些词，你马上知道是什么题型？”

拓展：推理判断题的常见设问方式

【设计意图】让学生自主发现标志词，比直接罗列印象更深。通过追问建立“标志词→题型→解题策略”的快速反应，提升审题效率。同时，这是KFC中“K（关键词）”的第一步训练。

（三）Strategy Learning

·真题解析1：

（节选自江西2023）Do you yawn? There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research....We know that everyone yawns in the same way.

Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch(强化) the muscles(肌肉) in your face, mouth, and neck. Your eardrums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.

Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do.

71. What can we probably infer from the passage?

A. People use different ways to yawn.

B. Scientists will do further research on yawning.

C. It 's hard to notice things quickly while yawning.

D. Some scientists think yawning is good for people.

阅读江西2023“打哈欠”真题段 + 第71题。

教师引导归纳

你的定位句是哪一句？

你的答案有没有在原文原句中出现？

教师追问，引导学生归纳步骤

“刚才我们做了哪几件事？能不能用三个动词总结？”
学生可能说出：找 → 定 → 比
教师顺势引出 KFC，请学生用自己的话解释每一步做什么。

讨论：

“文中直接说了哪些事实？”（找出事实句）

“从这些事实，我们能合理推出什么？”

“A/B/C/D四个选项里，哪一个几乎是原文原句？——这样的选项反而可能错，为什么？”

“那正确答案有什么特点？（不是原句，但基于原文）”

学生总结：教师板书——技巧一：通过文章陈述的事实进行推断；

坑：照搬原句往往错。

·真题解析2：

（节选自江西2024）While in hospital, Ed met Paul, a man in his late thirties. Doctors had also told Paul he would never walk again, but Ed encouraged him not to give up and six months later, Paul told Ed he was walking with a stick.  

39. What is Ed like according to Paragraph 3?

A. Brave.           B. Helpful.      C. Honest.          D. Hard-working.

读江西2024 Ed和Paul的短文 + 第39题。
讨论：“Ed做了什么？说了什么？”（找出动作和语言）

“如果一个人鼓励瘫痪病人不要放弃，你觉得他可能有什么品质？”

“选项里有brave，为什么不能选？（文中没有体现勇敢面对危险）”

“以后遇到人物性格题，应该去哪里找线索？”

【设计意图】
用真实真题让学生在“做中学”。通过追问暴露学生对“原句选项”的盲目信任，用对比分析让学生自己悟出“正确选项往往是同义转述或合理概括”。归纳出KFC三步，把隐性思维外显化，为后续技巧迁移打底。

技巧二：根据人物表情 / 言行 / 动作推断性格与意图

坑：不要凭感觉猜

【设计意图】
聚焦“言行→品质”的推理路径，训练学生从具体证据（动词、语言）出发，而非凭印象贴标签。通过追问“为什么不能选brave”，直击“过度推理”这一常见错误，帮助学生建立“证据必须充分”的意识。

·真题解析3：

（节选自江西2024） ...but would this money actually make someone happy? ...Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy. People who get big money for some other reasons are also at risk...suddenly come into lots of money to improve their lives, but perhaps there are better ways to find happiness.                                                               

52. What's the writer's purpose for writing the passage?

A. To encourage readers to make big money.

B. To advise people to stay away from lotteries.

C. To show his opinion about money and happiness.

D. To share some success stories about finding happiness.

1. 学生任务
读江西2024“金钱与幸福”段 + 第52题。
2. 讨论：作者对‘一大笔钱’是支持还是怀疑？从哪里看出来的？（引导学生找but, perhaps等词）

“最后一句‘there are better ways to find happiness’暗示作者想让我们做什么？”

“这道题问写作目的，A选项‘鼓励赚钱’符合作者的态度吗？”

“作者观点和文中出现的事实（如中奖者也会不快乐）是一回事吗？”

技巧三：根据作者意图与态度进行推断

坑：不要把文中事实当作者观点

【设计意图】
区分“事实”与“观点”是意图推断的核心难点。通过寻找态度词（but, perhaps）和结尾观点句，训练学生快速定位作者立场。对比“文中出现的事实”和“正确意图选项”，强化“作者想让你相信什么”的思辨能力。

（四）Extension&Consolidation

实战演练1：

（节选自江西2025）Finally, 20 hours after he fell, Geoff was safe in a hospital. He was there for three weeks. Geoff was very lucky to be alive. Adam visited him every day. Geoff said,"I want to come back to Oregon next day. I still want to climb Mount Hood."Adam said,"OK, I want to go with you, and the rescue team does, too."  

62. What does Adam mean at the end of the passage?

A. The rescue team likes climbing mountains.     

B. Geoff should avoid climbing alone to stay safe.     

C. Climbing mountains with the rescue team is fun.         

D. Adam wants to make friends with the rescue team.

点拨：语言→性格；动作→品质；语境→意图·

实战演练2：

（节选自江西2024）Researchers found that people are happy when they are able to pay for their basic needs, such as food, clothes, a safe place to live, and health care. People are also happy when they give reasonable (合理的) amounts of money to charities. Giving makes them feel as if they're making a difference. Lavish things, such as expensive clothes and cars, only make people happy for a moment.                                            

51. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Big money brings lasting happiness.

B. People's lives depend on lottery prizes.

C. Reasonable spending makes people happy.

D. The basic needs of people are easily satisfied.

·点拨：整合信息→合理推导→不选原文原句

实战演练3：

·（节选自江西2025）You can put a stamp on it,you can write an address on it, and you  can  send  it  through  the  mail.No,it's not  a  package (包裹) .It's  the  amazing  coconut (椰子)! The  coconut  is different  from  most  other  fruits  because  every  part  of  it  is useful. People  have  been  using  coconuts  in  many  different ways.Here are some of them.

  71.What's the main purpose of the passage?

A. To advise people to protect coconuts.

B. To ask people to grow more coconuts.

C. To show the value and uses of coconuts.

D. To introduce a fuel made from coconuts.         

点拨：首尾段定主旨；转折词显态度；结尾句看呼吁   

【设计意图】
三道实战演练分别对应三大技巧的迁移应用，且难度螺旋上升。每道题的点拨语直接关联前面总结的“技巧+避坑”，帮助学生在新语境中快速调用策略。同时，学生独立完成+同桌互查的过程，保证了高参与度和及时反馈，避免“教师一直讲”的沉闷。                                                                 

（五）Summary & Homework

1. 课堂总结

请学生用一句话或一张图说出：推理判断题怎么做？

最容易踩的3个坑是什么？

2. 作业

1. 完成教师发放的阅读理解推理判断专项材料

2. 找出以前做过的阅读题，重做推理判断题，标注依据

【设计意图】
用学生自己的语言或图形进行总结，是对本节课核心知识的主动建构与记忆强化。作业要求学生“重做旧题+标注依据”，将课堂所学的KFC和三大技巧迁移到过往错题中，实现“温故知新”，培养证据意识。

四、板书设计

阅读理解 —— 推理判断题

1. 标志词：infer / suggest / imply ...

2.  答题流程：KFC法：找关键词 → 定位 → 比对

3. 三大技巧：事实→推断，言行→人物，态度→目的

4. 避坑三原则

五、教学评价

1.过程性评价：关键词圈画、定位速度、答题依据是否充分

2.结果性评价：课堂练习正确率、作业完成质量

3.素养评价：是否形成证据意识，能否合理推断、逻辑清晰

六、教学反思

初中英语阅读理解专题复习 —— 推理判断题KFC解题法 导学案
班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 得分：__________
一、第一次探索
任务：阅读下面短文，独立完成第71题，然后在小组内讨论。
（江西 2023）Do you yawn? There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research....We know that everyone yawns in the same way.
Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch(强化) the muscles(肌肉) in your face, mouth, and neck. Your eardrums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.
Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do.
（  ）71. What can we probably infer from the passage?
A. People use different ways to yawn.
B. Scientists will do further research on yawning.
C. It's hard to notice things quickly while yawning.
D. Some scientists think yawning is good for people.
二、第二次探索
（江西 2024）While in hospital, Ed met Paul, a man in his late thirties. Doctors had also told Paul he would never walk again, but Ed encouraged him not to give up and six months later, Paul told Ed he was walking with a stick.
（  ）39. What is Ed like according to Paragraph 3?
A. Brave.   B. Helpful.   C. Honest.   D. Hard-working.
三、第三次探索
（江西 2024）...but would this money actually make someone happy? Lottery winners are not the only ones who can end up unhappy. People who get big money for some other reasons are also at risk... suddenly come into lots of money to improve their lives, but perhaps there are better ways to find happiness.
（  ）52. What's the writer's purpose for writing the passage?
A. To encourage readers to make big money.
B. To advise people to stay away from lotteries.
C. To show his opinion about money and happiness.
D. To share some success stories about finding happiness.
四、实战演练 —— 用你发现的方法挑战三题
要求： 独立完成，每题写出定位句和推理依据。
      完成后与同桌互查，讨论不同答案。
      在“方法”一栏勾选你用了哪一种推理技巧。
实战1（江西 2025）
Finally, 20 hours after he fell, Geoff was safe in a hospital. Geoff said, "I want to come back to Oregon next day. I still want to climb Mount Hood." Adam said, "OK, I want to go with you, and the rescue team does, too."
（  ）62. What does Adam mean at the end of the passage?
A. The rescue team likes climbing mountains.
B. Geoff should avoid climbing alone to stay safe.
C. Climbing mountains with the rescue team is fun.
D. Adam wants to make friends with the rescue team.
定位句：_________________________________
推理依据：_________________________________
使用的方法：□ 事实推断 □ 言行推断人物意图 □ 作者态度推断
实战2（江西 2024）
Researchers found that people are happy when they are able to pay for their basic needs... People are also happy when they give reasonable amounts of money to charities... Lavish things, such as expensive clothes and cars, only make people happy for a moment.
（  ）51. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Big money brings lasting happiness.
B. People's lives depend on lottery prizes.
C. Reasonable spending makes people happy.
D. The basic needs of people are easily satisfied.
定位句：_________________________________
推理依据（为什么A不对？）：_________________________________
使用的方法：□ 事实推断 □ 言行推断 □ 作者态度推断
实战3（江西 2025）
You can put a stamp on it,you can write an address on it, and you can send it through the mail.No,it's not a package (包裹) .It's the amazing coconut (椰子)! The coconut is different from most other fruits because every part of it is useful. People have been using coconuts in many different ways.Here are some of them.               
（  ）72. What's the main purpose of the passage?
A. To advise people to protect coconuts.
B. To ask people to grow more coconuts.
C. To show the value and uses of coconuts.
D. To introduce a fuel made from coconuts.
定位句：_________________________________
推理依据：_________________________________
使用的方法：□ 事实推断 □ 言行推断 □ 作者态度推断
五、小组大讨论 —— 我们来编“避坑指南”
请小组合作，结合刚才做过的所有题目，讨论下面问题，并记录答案。
    推理判断题最常见的“坑”（错误选项）有哪些特点？
    坑1：________________________
    坑2：________________________
    坑3：________________________
正确选项通常有什么特点？
请用一句话总结做推理判断题最重要的原则：
六、课堂小结
推理题常见标志词（至少3个）______、______、______
三大推理技巧
1. 从______推断
2. 从______推断人物
3. 从______推断作者意图
避坑三原则 ① ______             ② ______          ③ ______